Hlt 205 Policy Interview Analysis

HLT 205 November 14, 2012 Policy Interview and Analysis The medical care delivery component setting that was explored is a health care health center. The guideline associated subjects that I acknowledged at this health center were linked to statements owed attempts. Many of the problems occurred like this: †¢ Imperceptible expenses, for example statements pending in inflated figures. Clarification to problem is detailed billing. †¢ Considerable figures billed for undersized quantity, for example an instrument for measuring temperature. Clarification to problem is to have a personal set. Dual charges should be a requirement in the cost of every appointment, for example latex material applied to inspect an individual. Clarification of problem is to observe that charges were not made. Individuals billed should comprehend the charges. †¢ Equalized charges are physicians pre-arranged by organizations that offer coverage. If an individual is forced to use a physician not in coverage, individual can be billed extra. Clarification of problem is to verify if the physician will accept current coverage provided by insurance company before administration by physician. Expenses more for the not covered are exercises billed to insured in direction of protecting the not covered. Clarification of the problem if individuals are not covered, inquire for reduction of bill for paying by cash. †¢ Billing for aid organization is an income tax itemization for health care centers. Necessity of attending individuals of low income and homeless should be communicated to Medicaid. †¢ Persistently tracking balances due is then a charge not compensated, and the individuals is reassigned to an organization that collects debt.A clarification is to make available a reimbursement plan comfortable for the individual at very small gain. †¢ Billing preparation guiding principles are not consistent and every individual has a different case. Clarification to the problem is to bill every individual the same for every type of procedure as others have received, although problematic disparities persist on every individual. †¢ Guiding principles are not current and efficient. A clarification of the problem is to have an organization that evaluates the guidelines to make sure that no mistakes are made. Re-current variation of personnel is a setback for the reason that employees are not directed for a considerable amount of time to comprehend the demand for payment for the health center. Provided above was a list of policy examples for statement collection of the health center. My brother is a source from this health center and several of his concerns among these statement collections are individual disappointment because the lack of attention that they apply for his or her own health, the lack of attention to report back to the physician of any issues and not properly taking recommended medicine.The problem persists and is directing toward troubles ome health circumstances may escalate the bill for the individual. Health care demand for payment can be an issue, especially for new staff not properly trained; â€Å"mindfulness of proper vocabulary in descriptive detail will allow for enhanced recording† according to Heidelbaugh, Riley, M, & Habetler, (2008); individuals can make errors and not appropriately charge patients the correct amount, electronic collections have helped with the process of billing an individual correctly.References Garcia, Joe M. Email interview, retrieved Monday, November 14,2012 Heidelbaugh, J. J. , Riley, M. , & Habetler, J. M. (2008). 10 billing & coding tips to boost your reimbursement. (Cover story). Journal Of Family Practice, 57(11), 724-730.

Brave New World Essay

I am a drug user, as is the bulk of society. Whether it be coffee or cocaine, any mind altering substance is defined as a drug. Even food these days is designed with addictive properties to make us want more, and thus, buy more. Illicit drug dealers have the same aim. The product is filled with foul substances but as long as people find it enjoyable to consume they buy it. â€Å"Crack Addict†, â€Å"Chocoholic†, ultimately they are both just by-products of an individual trying to make a dollar. The difference lies in what is socially acceptable and what is not. In Aldeous Huxley’s ideal society portrayed in his novel Brave New World, mind-altering substances are perfectly acceptable due to the government playing the role of the drug dealer. The difference between the dealers of today and Huxley’s dealers of the future is that the ones of the future were more intelligent. The World State didn’t introduce the drug â€Å"Soma† to make a profit from the actual drug but rather they made it freely available to allow the occurrence of the â€Å"brave new world† where mass production has lead to the wealth of the nation, and human life has lost its value. No one is anything more than an easily replaceable cell in the social body. No one can show their resistance if their mind is constantly numb from excessive drug use. Soma is not bought but given out in rations, as if it were as essential as food. The Delta’s reaction to having their Soma rations throw out the window leads one to believe that Soma was even more important than food. People die without food, but the Delta’s seemed to want to die without their Soma. The inhabitants of the Brave New World were conditioned to like Soma from their birth. Hypnotically taught lessons such as â€Å"A gramme is always better than a damn†. This is not such a crazy concept to grasp for this modern world. Hypnosis has recently been used in advertising. Advertising itself is everywhere; on the television, the radio, the local bus stop, on the bus, in the bus, outside the bus, on street walls, on huge billboards towering over the metropolis that we call our home. If that’s not enough you can even buy magazines, newpapers, books, catalogues and pamphlets, to look at what you’re going to buy next. This overload of information is frequently used by the drug industry of today. As musical artist â€Å"Lazy Boy† preached; â€Å"†¦we have more prescription drugs now than ever. Every  commercial on TV is a prescription drug ad. I can’t watch TV for four  minutes without thinking I have five serious diseases. Like, â€Å"Do you  ever wake up tired in the mornings?† Oh my god, I have this, write  this down! Whatever this is, I have this! Half the time you don’t even  know what the commercial is, there’s people running through fields,  or flying kites, or swimming in the ocean. Like, that is the greatest  disease ever! How do you get that? That disease comes with a hot  chick and a puppy!† Oh the appeal of sickness! In the â€Å"Savage Reservation† Linda drank excessive Mescal because she was in denial of that world, despite the sickness it created she always went back for more because she enjoyed consuming it. Then upon her arrival to the World State she ironically couldn’t handle it their either and went on Soma holiday. Her socially acceptable escape inevitably lead to her demise. It’s worthy of note that Huxley left this world in similar fashion, famously taking 100 micrograms of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) on his deathbed. To emphasise my point I’ll write a story that I concocted; There once was a boy playing football with his sister when he spied a blue moose,  It was a peculiar moose, not like any moose he had seen before.  He walked over to it and joked to his sister â€Å"What a fucked up looking moose!†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"No, you’re the one that’s fucked up† the moose replied.  The boy protested; â€Å"You are a talking moose!†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"You are talking to a moose† satirised the blue moose.  And with that the moose gobbled up the boy and left his sister on the field crying. The moral behind the story of the blue moose was that if you take drugs, drugs will take you. I believe too many people are eaten alive by the desire to experiment with the subconscious. I suppose this more frequently applies to harder drugs such as methamphetamine’s and opiates. Huxley was a pioneer of self-directed psychedelic drug use â€Å"in a search for enlightenment†. The art of thinking is a valid one and should be explored but this should not require a mind altered from its natural state. To what point is thinking if thinking has no point? How could one express oneself when no one else understands your thoughts? I believe this styled search for enlightenment is futile. Hard drugs destroy people, not enlighten them. True self-revelation comes from individual thought, not experiencing what your brain can do when you mess up the balance. The inner self that one finds through drug use has no genuine authenticity to it. Anyone can taste good chocolate if they are fed it, just like how anyone can be â€Å"enlightened† if they inject the same shit. Karl Marx described religion as the opiate of the people. Huxley inversely comments in his text Brave New World Revisited that â€Å"†¦soma is the religion of the people†. Opiates are dominantly used for pain relief and to induce a state of calmness. Is this what religion is used for? I believe the answer to that would depend on the individual. Despite this modern worlds conditioning and discrimination against difference no two persons are identical and what one truly believes in is dependant on the individual. As for Huxely’s comment on the substitute for god being Soma; the truth behind the statement is evident in our own â€Å"brave new world†. Soma is a fictional substance and although it represents a drug in the story is could be used as a metaphor for a lot more. Money is just as addictive as the hardest methamphetamine. With the onset the Great Depression bankers jumped from the windows of their skyscrapers, I suppose that would be a side effect of greed and the dependence on materialist happiness. It’s ironic that the building their happiness was built from was also used for their suicide.  So ultimately, the consumerism of substance abuse leads to more than the demise of the individual. It was the consumers’ money that funded the World State; it’s our money that fuels the drug industry. This then backfires as we form a dependence on whatever they fed us.

Property According to Karl Marx and John Locke Essay

â€Å"Property, any object or right that can be owned. Ownership involves, first and foremost, possession; in simple societies to possess something is to own it† ( Funk & Wagnall’s. 1994). English philosopher, John Locke (1632-1704) believed that the only reason society degenerates to armed conflict and strife is because of a depletion of the essential ingredients of an individual or a community’s self-preservation. Those ingredients, according to the Second Treatise include: the right to private property which is grounded in the exercise of the virtues of rationality and industry; the powers of government must be separated because virtue is always in short supply, but prerogative, which depends on virtue in judgment, must be retained by the executive because of the necessary imperfections of the rule of law; and, the right of resistance to illegitimate government presupposes the exercise of restraint and rational judgment by the people (Locke, 29-34). For Locke, labor’s most valuable function is that it does more than simply define a division between what is private and what is public. He believes that it is labor that creates value and turns something that was fundamentally worthless into something of worth. For example, Locke presents the opinion that land without labor put into it is â€Å"scarcely worth anything. † He also notes that, â€Å"nature and the earth furnished only the almost worthless materials as in themselves. † It is labor, and thus the laborer â€Å"that puts the difference of value on everything. † Locke answers the question of whether or not a person has a right to acquire as much as he wants. The answer is a simple â€Å"no;† â€Å"As much as anyone can make use of to any advantage of life before it spoils, so much he may by his labor fix a property in: whatever is beyond this, is more than his share, and belongs to others. Nothing was made by God for man to spoil or destroy. † For example, he commented that â€Å"it is the taking any part of what is common, and removing it out of the state nature leaves it in, which begins the property; without which the common is of no use (51). Government, Locke believed, is a trust of the individual. The purpose of that trust is the security of the individual’s person and property, and, perhaps most importantly, that individual has the right to withdraw his or her confidence in the ruling government when the government fails in its task. Many of Locke’s political ideas, such as those relating to natural rights, property rights, the duty of the government to protect these rights, and the rule of the majority, were later embodied in the U. S. Constitution. For his time, Locke’s vision of labor as the â€Å"value added† to what is naturally occurring was relatively appropriate. In the 17th century, nothing of â€Å"value† existed without the input of labor. However, as civilization advanced and became more complex, so did issues of value, worth, and compensation. It is difficult to make the necessary translation of his economic philosophy to modern language and meaning. His views on government, though have lasted centuries, remain appropriate and applicable to this day. In significant contrast, the German-born revolutionary, economist, and â€Å"founding father† of communism, Karl Marx (1818-1883) believed private property in capital goods contravened the nature of the human person. He based his rejection of such property upon his understanding of the natural law. This research paper was sold by The Paper Store, Inc. of Jackson, New Jersey. Nor could Marx accept a system in which property was held by every individual, because the human person does not possess the â€Å"spiritual† strength to overcome greed; for Marx that could only come by reorganizing the model of production. Marx’s ultimate goal was to liberate the world from the evil of acquisitive materialism and lead the human race to a new freedom (Peterson 337). In the â€Å"Third Manuscript – Private Property and Labor† by Marx, written during the summer of 1844, he states: â€Å"The subjective essence of private property, private property as activity for itself, as subject, as person, is labor. It, therefore, goes without saying that only that political economy which recognized labor as its principle and which therefore no longer regarded private property as nothing more than a condition external to man, can be regarded as both a product of the real energy and movement of private property (it is the independent movement of private property become conscious of itself, it is modern industry as self), a product of modern industry, and a factor which has accelerated and glorified the energy and development of this industry and transformed it into a power belonging to consciousness† (Marx PG). He further condemns the private ownership of property and the government that supports such a system by saying: â€Å" . . . the supporters of the monetary and mercantile system, who look upon private property as a purely objective being for man, appear as fetish-worshippers, as Catholics, to this enlightened political economy, which has revealed — within the system of private property — the subjective essence of wealth† (Marx PG) He reaches what he considers a â€Å"logical† conclusion: â€Å"for man himself no longer stands in a relation of external tension to the external essence of private property — he himself has become the tense essence of private property. What was formerly being-external-to-oneself, man’s material externalization, has now become the act of alienation. † Marx described true communism, which is the â€Å"restoration of man as a social, that is human being. † Not only are the relations between human beings restored; so is the proper relation between the human being and nature. Communism is naturalism, which banishes alien spiritual beings from existence, and therefore humanism as well. The human being once again finds itself at home in the natural world, as that from which it came, and as the arena of its creativity. Marx viewed communism as the negation of the negation (private property being the negation of human nature). Interestingly, he did not declare it as final. â€Å"Communism is the necessary form and dynamic principle of the immediate future but not as such the goal of human development — the goal of human society. † â€Å"Communism is ultimately the positive expression of private property as overcome,† said Marx from his controversial days as newspaper writer to his death at age 65. It is a painful irony that the system that evolved into modern communism became the true â€Å"negation of human nature. † In its efforts to maintain the collective the individual was lost. Individual human spirit cannot (apparently) remain lost, hidden, or locked away indefinitely. The past twenty years have demonstrated how tentative the hold of communism actually was/is throughout the world. While Marx has often been denigrated for his philosophy, it was the perversion of that philosophy that caused. While the application of Locke’s idea of labor as the added worth of human hands shaping the natural world has changed significantly, it is still the philosophy that has most closely resonated to the way in which the greatest number of humans want to be governed. Works Cited Locke, John (1690) Two Treatises of Government: Chapter 5 – Of Property (http://wiretap. spies. com. /library/classics/ locke2nd. txt) Marx, Karl (April-August, 1844) Third Manuscript: Private Property and Labor (. cmn. edu/marx/1844-ep. mauscripts/1-property. labor. txt) Peterson, G. Paul Karl Marx and His Vision of Salvation: The Natural Law and Private Property, Review of Social Economy; 52(3), Fall 1994, pp. 377-90.

Skype and its impact on Social and Culture Environment Term Paper

Skype and its impact on Social and Culture Environment - Term Paper Example Importance of Skype and its Impact on People’s Lives Skype has been significant in the lifestyles of the modern society. The most important aspect has been lowering the cost of telephone services. Subscribers of Skype are able to communicate effectively through unlimited phone calls, which is not possible through the common telephone service providers. Moreover, Skype services are accessible globally and therefore every person who has access to the internet can use them (Booth, 16). The current wave of globalization has necessitated effective communication among business people, workers and their families as well as among organizations with mobile workers. Greenhow observes that Skype services have enabled many people working away from home to accomplish work-life balance by means of video conferencing (11). The common mobile telephony only allows voice calls, but workers and their relations appreciate visual communication whereby they are able to see the person whom they are communicating with. Under such circumstances, expatriate workers overseas are able to see their families through video chats. This is significance in the enhancement of satisfaction in employment and avoidance of family breakdown as a result of distance work. Video conferencing has also enhanced business and inter-organizational partnerships by enhancing networking capabilities. The cost of travel and conference rooms has been eliminated by Skype. Moreover, it helps in saving time in the p reparations for conferences (Turban et al. 19). In making purchases online, a person is in a position to see the partner whom he/she is communicating with thereby avoiding chances of falling in to the trap of fraudsters. For example, the recent rise in fraudulent transactions involving the sale of used motor vehicles by fake dealers through their short-lived websites could have been avoided if buyers insisted on visual conversations through Skype. This would enable them to request an image of the company premises and the cars before concluding a deal. On the other hand, the fear of fraudster companies in the internet has led to a decline of consumers willing to buy products online (Booth, 13). Skype can be applied by marketers to express their genuineness to potential online customers. Its application offers the opportunity to present a positive image by showing customers their marketing team, management and physical location. In deed, as Kuriyan & Ray (95) assert, Skype is the way to go in future online shopping. In healthcare, Skype has contributed to numerous positive changes with regard to communication between doctors and patients. Doctors, just like other professionals have been using Skype to communicate with families and friends. However, new developments have changed the manner in which they relate with patients. With increased cost of hospitalized healthcare, doctors have established a new strategy of home based care through Skype. Routine medical checks for patients have been facilitated by Skype video calls to patients in the comfort of their homes. Moreover, patients can interact with doctors for clinical consultations and other health related issues without physical presence in the hospital (Turban et al. 19). This has enabled doctors

Site Visit Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Site Visit Paper - Essay Example It made me to feel free. There were about 1000 or more people there. The church has space for almost 4000 people (Faith Family Church). There are special buildings for children and teens, and also a pretty chapel. I decide to not take notes because service is recorded and put on church website archives, so I can see it again if I need to (Faith Family Church). Also, it was very different from my experience in prayers at the mosque, so I know I will not forget what I see and hear and feel in new place. If I take notes, I cannot have experience but only be outside experience. It is important to be inside experience. We had a paper that tell us what happens, what songs and who is speaking and when to pray. My friend explained things when I ask him. I pay careful attention until 11:40 when the service end. Couple days later, I looked carefully at the website to see if I had forgotten anything. Faith Family Church started as a Bible Study in local businessman’s home 25 years ago, with Pastor Mike, the same pastor that I saw. After few months they had 40 people so they moved to restaurant. When restaurant is too small, they make their own building. Finally they build wonderful set of buildings where they are now (Faith Family Church). It is very nice and comfortable with room for growing membership. One big difference is that in Mosque men and women (over age 7) are at the same prayers but they are not together, not next to each other. At Faith Family men and women are all in the same place and are together. Men do not touch women in Mosque, and women do not touch men, but in this church men and women touch and hug, and they are comfortable like that. The service was done in personal way, like free gift for new people, and we were welcomed. Participation in music and helpful social activities was encouraged. They show a video that asks people to bring a friend to church for Easter weekend. Their prayers were personal because they talk to God like He

Critical Issues Module 4 Paper Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critical Issues Module 4 Paper - Coursework Example He founded the solutions of long term strategic projects with the help of various funding, the field building project with the tenure of five year that directly helped the 5000 leaders of nonprofits, more than 400 consultants and 600 staff foundations (La Piana Consulting, 2009). As a result, La Piana stayed the prominent name at the back publication on the theme for some years (and, debatably, leftovers the most important specialist on the subject). In the year of 2009, La piana’s nationwide consulting trade for nonprofit amalgamation and partnerships has had tremendous growth for the development and help with tactical reformation and it served the nonprofit organizations so effectively as it did a year ago (Gose, 2009). On description of his standing, this augmented attention in his social consulting services has been marked the best qualitative pointer and indicator strongly proving the expansion of the reformation progress in nonprofits and his tremendous contribution lead s him towards the success today. La Pianas basic revision on rearrangement concerned the study of 400 nonprofits organization with per/annum revenues of more than 0.2mn $ in San Francisco and Cleveland (Kohm & La Piana, 2003, p.13). The facts from the research recommended that â€Å"long term plan restructuring may create the combined programming in nonprofits†. The changing in environments creates a various chances for nonprofits to grow rapidly in all ways; also it offers new spirited challenges to compete with them in the market, frequently with those who are playing in the same industry. Being clever to distinguish when to work together and when to struggle — and having the Aptitude to shift with self-assurance flanked by the two — will be input to nonprofits’ skill to stay alive and flourish. La Piana convinced the member to share their ideas and relationship with each other, they articulated their emotions and feelings negative as well positive in shape of anger

A Madmans Diary by Lu Xun Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A Madmans Diary by Lu Xun - Essay Example From the visit, he learns about the younger brother’s tribulations; he suffered from a mental condition, but he recovered and has since relocated to another area. The narrator is given a diary by the older brother whereby an account of the younger brother’s illness was kept. This is the diary referred to as the ‘Madman’s Diary’ by the narrator, and its contents constitute the bulk of the story. From the diary, we learn of the extreme paranoia of the protagonist during the time of his illness (Xun & Nadolny 36). The story describes about social conditions in china at the time. The diary talks about cannibalism, which is a common practice in Chinese history and culture. During the early 1900s, Chinese people were desperate as a result of the extreme famine, and this culminated into cannibalism. It is this cannibalism that the protagonist describes during his illness by being paranoid that those surrounding him would soon or later eat him up. A deeper analysis of the story shows that the author was castigating and condemning Chinese culture at this time, whereby the strong in society devoured the weaker ones. The character that catches my attention is the madman himself. Even though he has crazy ideas about cannibalism, he typifies change in society. Despite his hardships, he struggles to get better, and later he gets a good job in another city. From his diary, he has given us insight into the Chinese society at that time whereby strong people ‘ate up’ weaker ones (Hsun & Yang

Theology the Church Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Theology the Church - Essay Example All through the world, men of God are renowned as true Prophets in the House, through a mission to envisage the body to be reinstated to the basics of the Apostolic Church that Jesus is building. The Lord is starting to illustrate the body a greater exposure and maturity of this often deserted ministry gift. Popular reconstruction starts with 'tombless' visions, and the separate appearance of an initially 'appearance free' empty tomb story, first in a pre-Marcan form and then as in Mark 16.8. The other evangelists then compile and develop the Marcan material in line with their distinctive redactional emphases. Thus, Matthew's descriptions develop his Jewish apocalyptic eschatology and illustrate the risen Jesus as Lord of the church in its new job to the Gentiles, as also contradicting Jewish opposition. Luke significantly improves the physicality of the renaissance, and highlights Jesus' fulfillment of Scripture as well as the centrality of Jerusalem for the source of a Spirit-filled mission of the church. John's account, marked all through by his high Christology, stresses the trust merit of the apostolic Easter indication and its call to faith in Jesus as Messiah and Son of God, while also rising the compound association between the Beloved Disciple and Simon Peter. Beyond this, lege ndary analysis traces apocryphal and Gnostic accounts with their more and more intricate development of the appearances and conversations of the risen Jesus. For scholarly reforms like this, the earliest customs knew no empty tomb and no appearances. Once such stories had begun to mount up, every new feature was prepared, sometimes more or less ex nihilo, to respond to the instant apologetic and pastoral desires of the evangelist's particular community. As the post-Easter public statement spread from Jews to Gentiles, the other titles developed for Jesus. The inculturation of the gospel in Gentile cultures required using terms that for the people uttered their faith in him as God and redeemer for them, and which in turn augment Christian considerate of the gospel itself. The titles for Jesus in the time of the Apostolic Fathers especially belong here and were very much influenced by the heresies combated. These improvements show that we approach an understanding of God through terms that are known to us as human beings. The more varied and multicultural the people who know Jesus, the more varied and compound will be the terms used to express this knowledge. Hellenistic Christianity lasted till the Vatican II. Simply from this time did Christianity become really a world religion, one that expresses itself in languages and notions of all peoples and cultures. This might explain why images of Christ have multiplied in current years. As marginalized men and women around the world seek to obtain Christ, they find in the gospels, their own cultures and personal experiences appropriate terms for expressing their faith in him. Vatican II supports in the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church. Because Jesus himself is the locus of God's congregation of humanity to the divine self, he cannot be constrained to any one church set up on a partisan basis. Christ provides the church its basic meaning. In him, the church

London Congestion Pricing Program Statistics Project

London Congestion Pricing Program - Statistics Project Example Since 1977 there was a noticeable and constant decline in the average speed (exhibited in figure 1). In central London drivers were spending 50% of journey duration which was around five miles per hour. An authority of Greater London was created by the "Greater London Authority Act-1999" comprised of the London Assembly and the Mayor of London, where under authority was given to mayor for implementing workplace parking and road pricing individually or combined. LCC or London congestion charging had a main goal of dropping traffic congestion within and in the surrounding of CZ or charging zone. The congestion charge was just like a region permit from the start. From Monday to Friday during 7 a. m. - 6: 30 p. m., any automobile coming or going through, parking or driving in CZ, will have to pay 5 or $ 10 in the beginning. Road signs are put up to indicate confines of CZ. The original capital costs of this project were estimated to be 200 million according to the prices of 2002, approximately 220 million according to prices and values in 2005. The central government provided e major part of it. The extension was made with an estimation of 118 according to prices and values in 2005 and it was funded by the general fund of TfL. A detailed picture of cost and revenues is given in Table 1. The disposable returns from road pricing plans were require... There will be a 10-15% decrease in traffic within CZ, about 30 % lessen queues with an 10-15 % elevated average speed; Around 5-10 % decline in traffic on radial routes and 5% increase of traffic over orbital routes and, resulting an overall effect of 1-2 % decrease in traffic outside the zone. LCC Plan: Conditions and Fundamental Specifications The congestion charge was just like a region permit from the start. From Monday to Friday during 7 a. m. - 6: 30 p. m., any automobile coming or going through, parking or driving in CZ, will have to pay 5 or $ 10 in the beginning. Road signs are put up to indicate confines of CZ. Extension in the Original LCC Project Some extensions were made into the original CZ in the year 2007 and some free corridors were also provided and some other changes were also made. Reimbursement in terms of Costs and Revenues The original capital costs of this project were estimated to be 200 million according to the prices of 2002, approximately 220 million according to prices and values in 2005. The central government provided e major part of it. The extension was made with an estimation of 118 according to prices and values in 2005 and it was funded by the general fund of TfL. A detailed picture of cost and revenues is given in Table 1. Revenues Exploit The disposable returns from road pricing plans were required to be introduced by the Great London Authority Act 1999 through the initial decade of the law 1999-2009. The transport strategy of the mayor was also to be included in this ten yeas allocation. Actually the disposal of potential revenue had to be a mandatory part of any road pricing plan for London. Such net revenue distribution is presented in Table 2. Analysis of the Effectiveness

The value of biotechnology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The value of biotechnology - Essay Example It has impacted on all the kingdoms from microorganism to humans. The following chart shows the broader perspective of biotechnology and how it has influenced our society. The birth of genetically engineered sheep Dolly was a great achievement in cloning biotechnology; but led to controversy in human reproductive cloning. The reliable and safe human cloning is becoming popular in American youths who want to adopt a new way of reproduction. Ethicists, clerics, moralists, politicians, pundits, scientists condemned it on diverse backgrounds considering it as offensive, unethical, unsafe and highly dangerous from future point of view (Kevles, 2002). A law for the prohibition of use of human cloning is enacted in 24 countries including United Kingdom. Artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization techniques giving rise to human embryos were also initially resisted, but when healthy test tube was delivered to an infertile mother, the opposition from the critiques collapsed. Well studied evidences in terms of such effects and positive reasonable clinical outcomes boosted this novel technology. It has been reported that worldwide more than 5, 00, 000 tes t tube babies are created and 90% of them are disease free (Kevles, 2002). Women with genetic or chromosomal disorder who are vulnerable and are at high risk for bearing children are greatly benefited from the concept of surrogate motherhood. Initially, carrying another woman’s fetus was also condemned on morality and exploitation background (Kevles, 2002). If made medically safe novel technology should not be denounced and should be exploited for human needs with their consents. Human cloning would be a boon to gaymen, lesbians, infertile couples, couples who have lost children or relatives (Kevles, 2002). The babies produced by cloning technique would be strongly influenced by genetically determined factors like overall growth, changes in proportion of body and brain

The Destruction of the Berlin Wall Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The Destruction of the Berlin Wall - Coursework Example The Berlin Wall was constructed in 1961 in an attempt to prevent the crà ¨me da crà ¨me of East Germany from going to West Germany. It was built post World War II and inaugurated on the 16th August of the same year. The eastern sector of Berlin was under the control of the Soviet Union and the western sector under United States, France and Great Britain. Technically and officially East Germany also known as German Democratic Republic (GDR) was a communist state. It existed for around forty one years under Soviet control spanning it through the 1949-1990 eras. Soviet sector constituted all the major hubs including Friedrichshain, Kreuzberg, Mitte, Prenzlauer Berg, Kreuzberg, and Lichtenberg; it was also the biggest o the spot and the whole idea was to prevent an imminent brain drain, departure of well educated talented elite from east Germany. It also aimed at keeping at bay various spy centers and other organizations from intruding.It was then when a threat of yet another Great Dep ression engulfed Europe and Germany constituted the league of those severely affected.   A majority of German city had been effaced while the transportation system remained shanty. Seldomly, refugees from the East would be seen moving to the west in search of a sound society ready to work for some measly money in this bid. In what many perceive as a rare move, the allied victors sought to rehabilitate and rebuild the destructed cities. The move aimed at assuaging the economic crisis and was popularly called the Marshall Plan.... It existed for around forty one years under Soviet control spanning it through the 1949-1990 eras. Soviet sector constituted all the major hubs including Friedrichshain, Kreuzberg, Mitte, Prenzlauer Berg, Kreuzberg, and Lichtenberg; it was also the biggest o the spot and the whole idea was to prevent an imminent brain drain, departure of well educated talented elite from east Germany. It also aimed at keeping at bay various spy centers and other organizations from intruding. It was then when a threat of yet another Great Depression engulfed Europe and Germany constituted the league of those severely affected. A majority of German city had been effaced while the transportation system remained shanty. Seldomly, refugees from the East would be seen moving to the west in search of a sound society ready to work for some measly money in this bid. In what many perceive as a rare move, the allied victors sought to rehabilitate and rebuild the destructed cities. The move aimed at assuaging the economic crisis and was popularly called the Marshall Plan. It was named after the then U.S Secretary of State George C. Marshall, the first one to make the call for the reconstruction of Europe apparently. His successful strategy later earned him the Nobel Peace Prize. (Harrison) In another move, on July 1958, the East Germany Congress announced all agricultural products be collected and distributed at whole sale prices. The move aimed at improving industrial output and formed the basis of the seven year economic stimulus which was originally meant to bring the PPC of East Germany at par with that of West Germany. The plan also severed trade and gas supply routes behind the Iron Curtain and the situation become even worse. The policies in the East could not

The massacre in Nanking Essay Example for Free

The massacre in Nanking Essay The massacre in Nanking which is popularized by Chang as the Rape of Nanking is indeed on of the darkest period of Asian history. Although it is described for its cruel and terrible scenes, history has almost forgotten these painful and darkest hours of Nanking people. Thanks to Iris Chang, her book became a living testimony of that tragedy that will always remind us that a lot of lives were wasted and a lot of people were intensely tortured in the hands of Japanese army. This book will serve as a reminder for Japanese people of the cruel nature of their ancestors. In the introduction of the book, Chang described the number of deaths in a mean that anyone can imagine in their vivid imagination. According to her, if the dead were to link hands, they will stretch from Nanking to Hangchow which is too far to imagine. It means that those cadavers can form a line of 200 miles. Other than that, their blood will weigh 200 ton and their bodies could fill twenty-five hundreds of railroad cars. If they will be piled up, their bodies could reach a height of seventy-four storey building. Indeed that is a huge number of innocent people. More than their death, the real tragedy for the Nanking people is their cruel way of execution which is merely inhuman and even animals are not worthy to experience those tortures. Thus, reading the book can give the reader so much agony and sympathy for the victims. The scenes are so painful to imagine that you will feel so much resentment to the Japanese. As a journalist by profession, Chang used her journalistic skill of documenting events. Her descriptions of those horrible scenes were enough to make the book a best seller and highly acclaimed by scholars. Most part of her book is narration of Japanese cruel activities as well as some historical backgrounds of Japan. Her book was based on the diaries of John Rabe and Minnie Vautrin whom played important roles in the Nanking Safety Zone. From its name, this are had protected a lot of Nanking civilians from the cruel hands of Japanese Army. John Rabe was able to shelter some 200,000 Nanking civilians from slaughter. Minnie Vautrin was an American missionary who saved a lot of school girls from the Japanese Army in Ginling Girls College. Both of them shared the horrible life in Nanjing during its Japanese occupation. They were able to witness and even take some photographs of those kinds of brutalities. Most of Chinese brutal activities are difficult to imagine such as forcing the fathers to rape their daughters as well as the sons to their mothers. Japanese soldiers are also fond of kidnapping women for them to become their sex slaves or comfort women. They were tied in a chair for almost forever just waiting for the next Japanese soldier to use their body. Another rape victim was found with a golf stick rammed into her. (Chang, 94) Other than that, there were also a rampant mass execution where killing the most number of people in a shortest time became a contest for them. As a form of execution, Nanking civilians were beheaded, buried alive, some were also buried up to their waist and the other of their body was fed to German Shepherds. They also use the civilians as human target for their bayonet practices. Other than, they also give severe punishment for no reason such as forcing the students to hold heavy objects, sit on their heels, stand barefoot in the snow, and run in the playground until they collapse. Overall, 340,000 Chinese died and around 20,000 to 80,000 Chinese men and women were physically and sexually abused. All these started when the Japanese Army swept into Nanking in 1937. Although their cruel activities lasted for only six weeks, still the terror it brought to its people is a lifetime of trauma. Originally, the main goal of the offenders is to haunt those Chinese armies who are disguising as civilians. As a result of that operation against those Chinese soldiers, a lot of innocent civilians were executed. Good thing about the book is that, it did not focus solely on the senseless cruelty of the Japanese army but also she mentioned some parts of Japanese history especially those who are prior to the 1937 incidence. She mentioned about Mathew Perry and his mission to the land of the rising sun. She also tried to explain why the Japanese was able to do those inhuman punishments to the people of Nanking. Indeed, it has something to do with their history, culture and religious background. Chang explain that their cruelty towards other people is caused by their belief that the Emperor is the only descendant of their sun goddess Amaterasu. Because they are non Christians in nature, they disregard the Christian idea of brotherhood and loving other people. They also think that they are superior as Western people and have the right of access to the natural wealth of Asian countries. Other than that, their participation in the Second World War gave them an ample pride. During that time, being able to participate in a world war together with powerful nations such as United States and Germany is an indication that Japan is the most powerful country in Asia. Meanwhile, as I read the book, the resentment of the author towards the perpetuator of the time are becoming more intense. More than being Chinese by blood, Chang’s grandparents were able to witness that horrible event in Chinese history. No words can explain her bitterness and resentment in her renowned research that it caused her to lose her sanity. If the author herself was not able to stand the horror of the Nanking massacre who was not able to witness the event, how much more the terror that it brought to the survivors of that tragedy including Chang’s grandparents. I admit that reading the book gave me a vivid image of what really happened during World War II. The book is a reflection of the everyday reality that was experienced by peoples especially those countries that were conquered by the Japanese Army. More than understanding Chinese history, the book presented more of Japanese history and culture especially the cruelty of its army. Therefore the book doesn’t help me understand Chinese history. The book is just a mere description of the atrocities of World War II focusing more on Japanese history. Instead of helping me understand Chinese history, it does explain why until this very moment, there is so much resentment among Chinese people towards Japan. Other than the intense of inhuman acts towards the Nanking victim, there is no initiative from the Japanese government to give a public apology. Worst than that, the Japanese don’t admit the crime and don’t even remember the incident. The younger generation in Japan doesn’t know about their cruelty because it was not taught in their history class. Even the Chinese forget about this horrible part of their history aside from the Nanking survivors and their descendants. Therefore, this book is really a breakthrough just remind both the Chinese and Japanese people of that forgotten holocaust. And for me, not only the oppressor and the oppressed parties should remember this horrific period in their history. All countries should be aware of the terror brought by world wars and the cruelty towards other race is widely condemned. It can happen not only in Nanking but in other parts of the world. It is a worldwide problem which is known as genocide. A lot of people may suffer from cruel death because of political reasons and the sad thing about that is most of them are innocent. Chang’s documentary of that horrific incident serves as an eye opener for every people with regards to their nationality that war is evil and it can only ruin the lives of innocent people. Although her work is highly acclaimed by scholars most especially its amazed readers, still Chang received a lot of criticism especially when it comes to the technical aspect of the book. Some people in the academe have seen many historical inaccuracies as well as grammatical errors. Grammatical errors can be forgiven for it can be the fault of the copywriter. Technical errors are really inevitable and as a matter of fact, a journalist like Chang also commits that kind of mistake. But there are no excuses for committing historical errors. We cannot blame Iris Chang because she is not a historian by profession. But as a researcher, she should be responsible when it comes to the accuracy of her data. Indeed, her historical inaccuracies are so serious because most of them are some basic information of Japanese history. Here are some of the examples: By the late 15th and early 16th centuries Japan was ruled by the Tokugawa family, who sealed off the island nation from foreign influence (Chang, 21). The reign of Tokugawa family started in 1603 therefore the Tokugawa era in Japan started in early 17th century. Chang also wrote, In July 1853, he (Matthew Perry) sent two ships belching black smoke into Tokyo Bay giving the people of Japan their first glimpse of metal-clad, steam-powered ships. Surrounding himself with some sixty to seventy aggressive-looking men armed with swords and pistols, Perry strode through the capital of the Shogun and demanded meetings with the highest-ranking officials in Japan (Chang, 21). The truth is, Perry was not able to go to that place which is believed to be Edo or Tokyo during this day. Other than that, she also explained in her book, In an era later known as the Meiji Restoration, Japan resounded with nationalistic slogans, such as Revere the Emperor! Expel the barbarians! and Rich country, strong army (Chang, 23)! Actually there is no Japanese Era such as Meiji period. This Meiji restoration that she is talking about happened from 1868 to 1912 and it is more of a social revolution than a period like Tokugawa. And lastly, Chang wrote that the United Nations created a committee for war investigation in March 1944(Chang, 169). It is impossible to happen because the United Nation was not yet chartered in 1944. How this book can become a historical reference it its content is inaccurate? For me, Chang was not objective in writing this book. It is obvious that Chang was driven by her resentment to the Japanese government and the desire to uplift her Chinese roots. And because her grandparents are involved with that traumatic period in Nanking, her book serves as an advocacy campaign for her grandparents to get the justice that they deserve. While reading the book, anyone can notice that Chang is trying her best to give a negative image of Japanese culture especially their army. We can say that she met her objectives and her way of documenting the story is enough to ruin the image of the Japanese. Her description of those cruel acts will make the readers forget the technical errors of the books as well as its historical inaccuracies. Anyone who will read the book will feel so much sympathy for the victims and really seek justice for them. That is really her objective as a author but alas, she shared the same fate with her grandparents. Although her book became a major success and the tragedy of Nanking is now known worldwide, Chang died miserably and lose her hope that someday the perpetuators will pay for their acts. Although it is inevitable for her to show her biases, it would be better if she had presented the other side of the story. It is unfair for the Japanese their side was never heard and they were never consulted by the author. If only she also take the side of the perpetuators, her book will sound more objective and even the Japanese can accept her book and learn from it. The reason why until today, is not admitting that crime is because their sides were not heard in the book. There are also historical errors regarding Japanese history that is why it is easy for the Japanese to ignore the book. The criticisms about the book especially its technical errors are another factor for the Japanese to ignore the book and pretend that there is no such thing as Nanking massacre in the history. If only Chang was more careful and objective, her book will achieve more than recognition and market success. She and her fellow Chinese community in Nanking can get the justice that they are longing for. It would be better if Chang has included some stories of Japanese soldiers focusing on their feelings towards the victim. We can never say that all Japanese soldiers are cruel and maybe some of them were pressured by their officials to do those inhuman activities. Other than the sufferings of the Chinese people, it would be better if Chang was able to mention the hardships encountered by the Japanese soldiers during their stay in Nanking. This will give her book a sense of balance which is expected from her because she is a journalist. As a conclusion, we can say that the book is really a breakthrough for Asian history. The once infamous tragedy of the Nanking people became part of Asian history through the angered motivated research of the victim’s descendants. Although Iris Chang is not a historian by profession, she was able to convey her main point inspite of the rampant errors and historical criticisms of her book. Without looking at its market success, still the book is a failure because the author herself was not able to get the justice that she demands asides from the heavy accusations of her critics. But still, the book served as a reminder for every nation of the atrocities that war can produce and the fate of millions of innocent people who are involve in the war.

Theory of Absolute Advantage | Analysis

Theory of Absolute Advantage | Analysis Introduction In response to the mercantilism system which dominated economics thought in the 18 century, Adam Smith introduce and gives extension discussion of absolute advantage theory in international trade and illustrate what to do if countries do not stick to the rule and maxim of international trade in An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Adam Smith prove wrong the belief of international trade between country was zero sum game which means the gaining of a country from international trade was the loss of other country. In additional, the international trade was positive sum game which means countries will gain benefit from trades. In the illustration of absolute advantage theory, Adam Smith illustrate that a country which have absolute advantage over other country if its production capacity in goods and services is greater when using same amount of resources or its produce a good using fewer resources (lower opportunity cost). Adam Smith also says that a country should produce goods where its production capacity is the most efficient and trade those goods where its production is not efficient. In additional, absolute advantage theory can also applies in the regions, cities and firms and tariffs and quotas should not restrict international trade. Adam Smith says the labor is fixed and homogeneous within a country. In additional, he also considers the labor is the only factor of production (input) and technology and production cost is constant in absolute advantage theory. He also illustrate that transportation cost are zero and countries use barter trade system in trading. In conclusion, Adam Smith absolute advantage theory replaces the mercantilist idea and questions the objective of national governments which applies mercantilist idea and acquires wealth through restrictive trade policies. In additional, absolute advantage theory also measure a country wealth through the living standard of its people. Theoretical background and Issues In absolute advantage theory, there are issue which is do all countries have an absolute advantage. Adam Smith does not consider the question if every country has an absolute advantage in the production of some goods. From a theoretical point of view, it could be possible that a country has no absolute production advantages or might lose them over time. Adam Smith’s theory suggests that absolute advantages develop as a consequence of trade and trade might be the incentive ways that leads to the creation of absolute advantages. However, nowadays, international trade is widely spread and the countries do not start equally. Rather, some countries are less productive and poorer. They might have an absolute advantage in those goods which only they are able to produce because of natural environment or condition. But those goods constitute only a small fraction of all traded goods. Smith gives another possibility for less productive countries to have an absolute  advantage. He states that poor countries might be able to compete in the agricultural sector with rich, more productiv e countries. Smith’s reaches this conclusion by state that the division of labor does not equally increase in all sectors of production and that wage levels differ internationally. Another issue in absolute advantage theory is how the trading between developed countries that have an equally high level of development using absolute advantage theory. Unlike the theory of comparative advantage, which is complemented by intra-industry trade theory, Adam Smith’s absolute advantage theory can also help to understand trade between developed countries. Firms in developed countries produce similar industrial products and compete over profits and market shares. Trade and success is determined by absolute production advantages which means that ‘art and skill’ (technology and education of the workers) play a significant role. Since this competition exists domestically there is no reason why this kind of competition should not exist internationally; especially because Adam Smith’s theory does not have a basic difference between domestic and international trade. An additional gain is technology transfer or international learning. Developed countries benefit from it to a greater extent than underdeveloped countries since they are able to make use of technological developments. This can explain, for example, why the technological level of Europe and North America has converged in fifty year. As a result, a rich country benefits more from trade with another rich country than from trade with an underdeveloped country. Discussion: Adam Smith’s Absolute Advantage Theory To illustrate the theory of absolute advantage, presume that there are two countries (China and Germany), producing just two products (rice and cars). Assume that products are tradable without workers and costs are not moving between the two countries, but moving between the two sectors within a country. All workers are equally productive and as the only input in a country. Production technology in China differs from that in Germany (see table below). Suppose that to produce 1 unit of rice, Germany requires 3 units of labor meanwhile China requires only 2 units of labor. Similarly, to produce 1 car, Germany needs 6 units of labor while China needs 8 units of labor. As the result, China is more efficient in the rice production and Germany is more efficient in the cars production. Therefore, China has an absolute advantage in the rice production and Germany has an absolute advantage in the cars production. To illustrate that specialization of production, coupled with international trade flows according to the theory (absolute advantage), can be profitable. In our example, presume that China produces less 1 unit of car yet this save up 8 units of labor so, now the labors can be used to produce 8/2=4 units of rice (opportunity cost of car production in the China). China has now produced extra 4 units of rice although produced less 1 car. Suppose that China must import 1 car from Germany if China wants to consume the same amount of car s like before. Germany needs 6 units of labor to produce this car. Thus, rice production drops by 6/3=2 units of rice (opportunity costs of car production in Germany) as these laborers must bring in from the rice sector. Now note that the total production of rice has increased by 2 units (4 units more in China and 2 units less in Germany), while the total production of cars remain unchanged (1 car less in China and 1 car more in Germany). In conclusion, these extra units of rice show the potential gains from specialization if China and Germany focused on the production of the product which they can produce most efficiently. Both countries can gain benefit from the theory, when they exchange 3 units of rice for 1 car. Argument: Is theory of absolute advantage best describes international trade? Absolute advantage refers to a country’s ability to produce a certain good more efficiently than another country and it has three main arguments. First, it argues that regulations favoring one industry draw away real resources from another industry where they might have been more advantageously employed. Second, it mentions the important of specialization in a society. When someone has some advantages in produce or provides a good or services, he or she needs to specialize in the production. Third, specialization needs to be practice in international commercial policy and nations. It is better when a country is allows to focus on production of goods that it has absolute advantages and then import goods that other countries have absolute advantage. Theory of absolute advantage provides a clear and simple view on international trade and helps country decide what to produces, import and also export but it has some drawback since it fails to explain why free trade can be advantages when one country has absolute advantage in producing all the goods. How would a country without having any absolute advantage in producing any good, join and gain from free trade with other countries. How will this country pay for its imports because it will produce nothing that is cheaper to produce as compared with other countries? This theory ignored to explain how differences in climatic conditions and natural resource can contribute to comparative advantages. Some country has no absolute advantage in all good cause by limited resources and technology may excluded in international trade market and consequently, it will lead to conflict in allocate resources in that particular country and insufficient in production. Theory of absolute advantage focuses on which country can product good by using lesser resources. If there is no trade between countries, then the prices of good will indicates by its resources cost in each country. The difference in prices with no trade will reach an equivalent price with each good being exported from the initially low-price country and imported by the initially high-price country. Smiths approach does not indicate what would happen if the same country had absolute advantage in both products. The theory of comparative advantage introduces by David Ricardo has solve this problem as it do not considers cost in production but opportunity cost. A country will trade in the pattern that maximizes its advantage. Next, absolute advantage fails to illustrate the real situation in international market because of some assumption. First, it does not take transportation costs involved in selling the product into account. For instance, if product is exchanging between China and German, the transportation cost may cause the price even higher than the original price without trade because of long distance. Besides, Adam Smith assumes that exchange rates are stable which the case is seldom and hence it is a limitation. Furthermore, it also assumes that labor can switch between products easily and they will work with same efficiency which in reality cannot happen. In conclusion, we do not think that theory of absolute advantage by Adam Smith best describe international trade in today world. This is because it fails to explain the condition of country that does not have any absolute advantage. In addition, assumptions that not fit to reality like ignore transportation cost, use stable exchange rates and assume same efficiency between labors causes it is not accurate. Recommendation A country with absolute advantage can produce a good at lower marginal cost (fewer materials, cheaper materials, in less time etc.) This means that, the country should implement specialization in the production of such goods. Specialization of good can be made by Research and Development which leads to improvement of existing products or procedures. For example, to increase the Agricultural productivity Scientist such as Biologist and Chemists will need to develop technologies which may eventually lead to more production. For example, if a country has an absolute advantage on producing wheat, farmers of that country has to balance the environmental concerns to meet the need in a sustainable way. In overall, Research and Development helps the countries with absolute advantage to specialize and maximize the productivity. This benefits the countrys economics state. Next, a country in absolute advantage should carry out trade. This is because a country can produce goods more than its need. Therefore they should trade the goods with other countries. The trade can be goods for goods or goods for money. When the country is carrying out goods for goods trade it can acquire goods which it cant produce in its country and vice versa. On the other hand, goods for money trade allow the country to strengthen its economic state and grow further. Conclusion In a nutshell, absolute advantage creates many benefits for a country. However, there are certain limitations to this theory that a country will have to face. Firstly, it does not consider the transportation cost of moving the products from one country to the other. This is because, transportation cost are counted in final selling price of the product. As transportation cost is also a factor in production price sometimes trading can be a loss to a country. Next, the theory also assumes that exchange rates are stable which in reality it is seldom. In the current economic world exchange rates changes rapidly. This can cause major loss to some country if they trade in a wrong time. This is because exchange rates play a major role in trade market. The next limitations are, labors also cannot switch between products and they won’t be able to work with same efficiency. Some labors will only have a few working skills and training which cannot be used to produce variety of goods. So, even though absolute advantage gives many benefits to a country but it also have some negative sides which a country will have to encounter and tackle it effectively.

The Merits And Demerits Of Each Philosophy Education Essay

The Merits And Demerits Of Each Philosophy Education Essay Introduction: This essay will discuss two research philosophies. It starts by giving a brief account of each. Followed by a discussion on the preferred philosophy which will be adopted for the research project, i.e. social constructivism alongside post positivism In this discussion the merits and demerits of each philosophy, are given along side the research strategies associated with each as well as the rationale for adapting social constructivism. Here, a brief history of each outlines philosophy: Post positivism arose out of dissatisfaction with some aspects of the positivist stance. Whereas positivists accept an objective, apprehendable reality, post positivists acknowledge an objective reality that is only imperfectly apprehendable (Lincoln Guba, 2000). This position holds that human intellectual mechanisms are flawed and that lifes phenomena are basically intractable, and therefore, one can never fully capture a true reality. A key distinction between the positivist and post positivist views is that the former stresses theory verification and the latter theory falsification (Lincoln Guba, 2000, p. 107). Despite some important differences between the positivist and post positivist paradigms, the two perspectives share much in common (Lincoln Guba, 2000; Ponterotto, 2002). A goal for both is an explanation that leads to prediction and control of phenomena. Both perspectives emphasize cause- effect linkages of phenomena that can be studied, identified, and generalized, and both paradigms proffer an objective, detached researcher role. Furthermore, both paradigms operate from both a nomothetic and etic perspective. Positivism and post positivism serve as the primary foundation and anchor for quantitative research. Whereas, constructivists hold that reality is constructed in the mind of the individual, rather than it being an externally singular entity (Hansen, 2004). The constructivist position espouses a hermeneutical approach, which maintains that meaning is hidden and must be brought to the surface through deep reflection (see Schwandt, 2000; Sciarra, 1999). This reflection can be stimulated by the interactive researcher-participant dialogue. Thus a distinguishing characteristic of constructivism is the centrality of the interaction between the investigator and the object of investigation. Only through this interaction can deeper meaning be uncovered. Qualitative research and the seeds of constructivism-interpretivism can be traced back to Kants (1881/ 1966) Critique of Pure Reason. According to Hamilton (1994, p. 63), Kants position was that human perception derives not only from evidence of the senses but also from the mental apparatus that serves to organize the incoming sense impressions and that human claims about nature cannot be independent of inside-the-head processes of the knowing subject. Another significant figure in the development of constructivism was Dilthey (1894/1977). Proponents of constructivism-interpretivism emphasize the goal of understanding the lived experiences (Erlebnis) from the point of view of those who live it day to day (Schwandt, 1994, 2000). Dilthey believed that every lived experience occurs within a historical social reality. He further believed that these lived experiences may be outside the immediate awareness of the individual but could be brought to consciousness. Understandably, the constructivist-interpretivist paradigm provides the primary foundation and anchor for qualitative research methods. Linking it to the philosophy of constructivism-interpretive and the research on leadership styles prevailing in Risxcel. My research project will adopt constructivism-interpretivism instead of post positivism. The ensuing discussion explains why: The methodology to be used for the research will be influenced by social constructivism which is often in combination with interpretivism (Mertens 1998, Bryman 2008) because its underpinnings are appropriate to act in response to the leadership in Risxcel. Social Constructivist-interpretist holds the hypothesis that folks seek an understanding of the world in which they work and inhibit, Creswell (2009). In this area, folks build up subjective meanings of their experiences meanings focussed toward some objects or things on leadershipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The aim of research is to extract participants views of the leadership styles prevailing in Risxcel. Such views will be extracted from CEO, managers and staff as the researcher visits the context and seek an understanding of leadership styles prevailing at Risxcel, however such an understanding can only be made possible by seeking the views and perceived experiences of those working on leadership positions at the college. From this point of view, this research will require an understanding community, i.e. Risxcel staffs subjective meanings of leadership. Adopting Constructivism enables participants to give their subjective experiences which are socially and culturally constructed. It is anticipated that by applying social constructivism to this research, if the context will form the explanation of data. By applying Social Constructivism, the project therefore positions the acknowledgement of how the interpretation of data flows from historical experiences, personal and cultural (Creswell 2009). As Crotty (1998) notes, meanings are generated by human beings as they engage with the world they are interpreting. In this case, it is anticipated that being informed and directed of the post positivist paradigm would have make the study somewhat people -less (Kitchin 2006: 6) as it ignores their views and beliefs within a study population otherwise highly charged with these, given the subject of leadership. Against this bac kground, the research project adheres to the supposition by social constructivists that the generation of meaning is always social, arising in and out of interaction with a human community (Crotty 1998 in Creswell 2009: 9). Qualitative research strategies, i.e. individual in depth views and focus groups, will therefore utilized in this research as they allow the researcher to extract participants views, experiences, beliefs on the subject of leadership This being the case, quantitative research strategies, which are informed of post positivism would inappropriate as will be further discussed below. Given that the research project will be using qualitative research strategies, a definition may be crucial at this point. Qualitative research is a positioned activity that locates the observer in the world. It consists of a set of material practices, interpretive that makes the world noticeable. These practices à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ turn the world into a series of representations including photographs, field notes, and interviews, to the self. At this level, qualitative research involves a naturalistic, interpretive approach to the world. This explains that qualitative researchers study things in their natural settings, interpret phenomena and attempting to make sense in terms of the meanings people bring to them (Denzin and Lincoln, 2005: 3). In addition to the issues noted above post positivism and its research strategies would not be appropriate for the research project because post-positivist assumptions hold true more for quantitative research than qualitative research which is called sometimes the scientific method (Creswell 2009). As well, post-positivists hold deterministic philosophy in which causes determine effects or outcomes, which are the reflection to the need of identification and the assessment of the causes that influence outcomes such as found in experiments (Creswell 2009). Also, has the intent to reduce the ideas into small, which discrete a set of ideas to test, such as the variables that comprise hypotheses and research questions. The knowledge is based on careful observation and measurement of the objective reality that exist in the world. It becomes paramount for post-positivists the development of numeric measures of observations and the study of the behaviour for individuals (Creswell 2009). Challenges to Qualitative Research, while the project will utilise qualitative research as informed by social constructivism, its notable that it is by nature demanding and time consuming. There is need for dedication to field work, collecting the data, gaining rapport and when it comes to data analysis, one must sort out through large of data before reducing them to a few themes (Creswell 1998). After analysis, one must contend with writing a lengthy piece of work as evidence must substantiate claims and quotes from population study inherently increase the length of the study (Creswell 1998:17). It is also note worthy that social constructivism has been criticised fro being too dependent of participants views and experiences and also being too subjective to researcher interpretation (Lincoln and Denzin 1994). However to counter, this in the research project, reflexivity will be applied. This will involve seeking constant guidance from the supervision term when in doubt on how to int erpret findings. This will also be the strategy used for countering possible bias. In spite of the above acknowledged problems related with its utilization, the research project on leadership at Risxcel will utilise qualitative research due to the nature of the topic as well as my philosophical worldview position. In this instance, qualitative research will enable me to explore the Risxcels leadership styles within a given context in detail. And gleaned explanations on peoples views, behaviour, actions and beliefs as culturally, socially and historically informed. Indeed, the topic of the research project need to be explored in detail and as (Creswell, 1998) notes; qualitative research is the method suitable for research topics with no easily identified variables or explanations for behaviour and requiring explorations to be carried out. As Creswell (1998: 17) comments, one must select qualitative research over quantitative research when the topic needs to provide a detailed view because the wide -angel lens or the distant panoramic shot will not suffice to present answers to the problem , or the close up view does not exist. In conclusion, this essay has discussed two philosophies, i.e. social constructivism and post-positivism. It has also presented the philosophy which will be applied to the research project on leadership at Risxcel and given a rationale for its selection. In this selection process, the merits and demerits of each philosophy have been discussed, alongside the research strategies associated with each. While social constructivism clearly has its challenges, it was deemed more appropriate for the research project.

Ethan Frome Hidden Meanings :: essays papers

Ethan Frome Hidden Meanings Ethan Frome: Hidden Meanings Ethan Frome is the story of a family caught in a deep-rooted domestic struggle. Ethan Frome is married to his first love Zeena, who becomes chronically ill over their long marriage. Due to his wife’s condition, they took the services of Zeena’s cousin, Mattie Silver. Mattie seems to be everything that Zeena is not, youthful, energetic, and healthy. Over time Ethan believes that he loves Mattie and wants to leave his wife for her. He struggles with his obligations toward Zeena and his growing love for Mattie. After Zeena discovers their feelings toward each other, she tries to send Mattie away. In an effort to stay together, Ethan and Mattie try to kill themselves by crashing into the elm that they talked about so many times. Instead, Mattie becomes severely injured and paralyzed. The woman that was everything that Zeena was not became the exactly the same as her. In Ethan Frome, the author communicates meanings in this story through various symbols. One of the m ost significant symbols used in this story is the very setting itself. A symbol is a person, object, or event that suggests more than its literal meaning. Symbols can be very useful in shedding light on a story, clarifying meaning that can’t be expressed with words. It may be hard to notice symbols at first, but while reflecting on the story or reading it a second time, the symbol is like a key that fits perfectly into a lock. The reason that symbols work so well is that we can associate something with a particular object. For example, a red rose symbolizes love and passion, and if there were red roses in a story we may associate that part of the story with love. Although many symbols can have simple meanings, such as a red rose, many have more complex meanings and require a careful reading to figure out its meaning. The first symbol that I noticed in Ethan Frome is the setting. It plays an important role in this story. The author spends much of the first few chapters describing the scene in a New England town Starkfield. When I think of a town called Starkfield, a gloomy, barren place with nothing that can grow comes to mind. As the author continues to describe this town, it just reinforces what I had originally thought.

The Impact of Friends :: personal reflections

Every individual holds the key to their own future. We are told to follow our hearts and all your dreams for success will come true. We believe, you can make your future whatever you want it to be, no matter what you do. The truth is that success takes an enormous amount of determination and dedication. There are key things we need to look out for in order to be able to be successful. From your friends at school to how your carry yourself, it all makes a reputation for yourself. The successful people are the ones that understand how to balance it. This is why successful people are looked up to, and it all started out with the people they associated themselves with everyday from elementary school to now and even in the future. The question is, can friends affect your success? Your friends are constantly present in your life, more than your family. Most people, spend most of their time surrounded by friends instead of family this, is not always a bad thing but, has become normal. This is very true, especially for teenagers, who spent five days a week, 7 hours or more per day at school. Not including all the extra activities like sports, clubs and church that teenagers like myself are involved in. I believe people usually end up acting like the people they hang around with. â€Å"Friends play a big role in determining who you are and how you dress and talk and act†. (Compton 1 of 2 Peer pressure) My grandfather always used to say, â€Å"Show me your friends, and I’ll tell you who you are†. Drs. Davis, Jenkins and, Hunt also say this in their book, The Pact, â€Å"Friends play a big role in determining who you are and how you dress and talk and act†. (Compton 1 of 2 Peer pressure) . Although, it’s helpful to â⠂¬Å"Friends play a big role in determining who you are and how you dress and talk and act†. (Compton 1 of 2 Peer pressure) . When you are constantly surrounded by people with the same goals as you, and are going through the same problems it feels normal to involve yourself in what they are doing, because you feel like you are in the same â€Å"boat†. This can impact your success positively or negatively.

Marketing Essay -- Business, Customer Satisfaction

This essay is a critical literature review of Relationship Marketing in relation to customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. In this review, I will provide a brief orientation of relationship marketing; identify the different dimensions of relationship marketing and critically analyse the concept of relationship marketing in relation to customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Leahy (2011:651) defined relationship marketing as ‘attracting and keeping customers for a long period of time’. Relationship marketing is used by firms to change consumer attitudes and increase the frequency of purchase in a business using marketing techniques such as promotions and advertising. According to Ndubisi and Chan (2005), relationship marketing provides an organisation the opportunity to be forward thinking with regards to getting access to the right information about their customers in order to meet the customers’ needs effectively, efficiently and gain competitive advantage. On the other hand, as a result globalisation, Geddie et al. (2005) viewed Relationship Marketing through the prism of technology because businesses have the opportunity to store vital information on their customers shopping habit in their databases thereby, using it to their advantage in providing a better customer service and establishing a long-term relationship with their clie nts resulting in increased customer satisfaction and loyalty. Peppers et al. (1999) referred to relationship marketing as one-to-one marketing and suggested that businesses must be dynamic and fast in their approach and response to individual customers’ needs which are ever-changing and unpredictable. Therefore, organisations must be prepared to provide bespoke products or services that meet... ..., Leahy (2011) notes that even if a firm using databases that has allowed them to reach all their customers, that does not mean they are maintaining the relationship with their customers successfully. Yet a customer’s perception of relationship is not rated highly neither is it valued because customers view it ‘impersonal’ and they are very suspicious of the firm’s motives (Leahy, 2011:453). With technology, firms have been able to contact customers about adverts and promotions but that does not mean an active relationship exists between both parties. Customers interest in what brands have to offer them and is of a great interest to them et, they don’t value firms trying to establish a relationship with them. It might help if firms decide to look at other avenues of trying to reach out and establish close relationships with their customers so it can be effective. Marketing Essay -- Business, Customer Satisfaction This essay is a critical literature review of Relationship Marketing in relation to customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. In this review, I will provide a brief orientation of relationship marketing; identify the different dimensions of relationship marketing and critically analyse the concept of relationship marketing in relation to customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Leahy (2011:651) defined relationship marketing as ‘attracting and keeping customers for a long period of time’. Relationship marketing is used by firms to change consumer attitudes and increase the frequency of purchase in a business using marketing techniques such as promotions and advertising. According to Ndubisi and Chan (2005), relationship marketing provides an organisation the opportunity to be forward thinking with regards to getting access to the right information about their customers in order to meet the customers’ needs effectively, efficiently and gain competitive advantage. On the other hand, as a result globalisation, Geddie et al. (2005) viewed Relationship Marketing through the prism of technology because businesses have the opportunity to store vital information on their customers shopping habit in their databases thereby, using it to their advantage in providing a better customer service and establishing a long-term relationship with their clie nts resulting in increased customer satisfaction and loyalty. Peppers et al. (1999) referred to relationship marketing as one-to-one marketing and suggested that businesses must be dynamic and fast in their approach and response to individual customers’ needs which are ever-changing and unpredictable. Therefore, organisations must be prepared to provide bespoke products or services that meet... ..., Leahy (2011) notes that even if a firm using databases that has allowed them to reach all their customers, that does not mean they are maintaining the relationship with their customers successfully. Yet a customer’s perception of relationship is not rated highly neither is it valued because customers view it ‘impersonal’ and they are very suspicious of the firm’s motives (Leahy, 2011:453). With technology, firms have been able to contact customers about adverts and promotions but that does not mean an active relationship exists between both parties. Customers interest in what brands have to offer them and is of a great interest to them et, they don’t value firms trying to establish a relationship with them. It might help if firms decide to look at other avenues of trying to reach out and establish close relationships with their customers so it can be effective.

Essay : Witness (Film by Peter Weir) Essay

The film, Witness, deals with characters in conflict with the world around them. Discuss the methods Weir uses to convey this idea of conflict. In Peter Weir’s film, Witness, several characters come into conflict with their environment. This is evident through the use of various techniques such as symbol, camera angle, and imagery. Samuel’s protective life as a child in the Amish community is corrupted when he comes into contact with crime and the city and experiences a loss of innocence. By contrast, John Book faces many obstacles when he leaves his life in the city for that of the sheltered life of the Amish and suffers turmoil when he falls in love with Rachel, who comes from a world in which he cannot belong. Similarly, the corrupt policemen, McFee, Schaeffer and Fergie find obstacles when they enter the world of the Amish, looking for Book. When Samuel is brought into Philadelphia it quickly becomes obvious that he is in conflict with the environment around him and we witness his loss of innocence at the railway station. Weir uses sound and camera angle as a method of showing Samuel’s confusion. From low angle shots, viewers can identify with Samuel’s perspective and can appreciate his confusion, noting that all the child can see is people from their midriff down, walking past in all directions. Weir also portrays Samuel’s confusion by having many people talking at once, thus creating contrast between the buzz of a city and the peacefulness of his home. The director uses cinematography well in this scene. Samuel’s conflict is evident when he is confronted with a huge statue. The camera slowly tilts upwards from a low angle until he can see right to the top; he is clearly not used to seeing something of this size. Aside from creating a vulnerability in Samuel, this contrast in size reveals his unfamiliarity with his surroundings, evident by the expression of awe on his face of wide-eyed innocence. The next shot is a bird’s-eye view from the top of the statue, it shows Samuel, who is dressed differently to the rest of the crowd, standing still, in sharp contrast to the constantly moving bustling city crowd. The look on Samuel’s face when he thinks he sees one of his own people is that of excitement and comfort and his disappointment is evident when, after running up to this man, he discovers that he is not an Amish, but an Orthodox Jew. His mother is aware of the dangers of this  strange world and is keeping her eye on Samuel until he wants to visit the toilet. When Samuel walks into the men’s toilets, the man washing his hands (who is later murdered in front of Samuel) turns around and gives the boy a friendly smile. He then walks into a cubicle. As this happens two men walk into the bathroom, McFee and Fergie. Mcfee nods to his partner then puts a bag over the head of the man washing his hands. The next few shots splice between Samuel’s eye peering out of the cubical in utter horror and the murderers slashing this man’s throat. This intricate camera work stresses the fact that Samuel is watching and his shock reinforces the clash in the two cultures–the violent city versus the pacifist ways of his Amish community. It is in this scene that Samuel’s life is changed forever, as he witnesses this man’s bloodthirsty murder. Viewers no longer witness an innocent child, but a boy using all his wit in his fight to survive. The scene where Rachel returns the hidden gun to Book, presents the clash of these two cultures, through the use of images and film techniques. We first witness Rachel with her back to the camera, at medium range, washing dishes–a true domestic scene. She turns as John Book enters and laughs. Viewers are then shown just how out-of-place Book is in her community, evident when we see him in her dead husband’s Amish clothes that are far too small for him (a symbol that he cannot fit into Rachel’s world, and in particular, as her husband). The camera reveals his embarrassment as it tilts to his bare ankles and then we see and hear Rachel laughing, but trying not to in empathy for Book. When Book asks for his gun, the laughter on her face vanishes.. The composition of this frame shows John looking ridiculous in clothes that are far too small for him, in contrast to the juxtaposition of Rachel looking very comfortable and laughing at how he looks. This is split right down the middle by a doorframe, which also show John’s conflict with the Amish community. Next John asks for his gun because he needs it to go to the town. Her facial statement goes absolutely dead serious and she gets it from the cupboard. She picks up the gun by the handle with her index finger and thumb with the rest of the gun dangling below. Once she handed the gun to him, he asks for the bullets that Rachel has forgotten, which she gets out of the flower jar that she has kept them in. Her change in facial statement shows her conflict to guns and the use of  guns. Her intriguing way of holding the gun displays that she thinks of them as dirty and forgetting the bullets shows her lack of knowledge about guns. Altogether this is a very uncomfortable scene toped off by leaving the bullets in the flower, flower being a symbol of life and bullets being a symbol of death. When McFee comes to get John it is very clear that he is in contrast with his surroundings through script, sound effects, character costume and cinematography. Narcotics agent McFee tries to cut off John Book by going around the back of the barn and as he does this, he steps right into a pile of dung. His curses are in sharp contrast to the Pacifist ways of the Amish. McFee is wearing a very smart suit, carefully picked to contrast to the Amish’s simple clothes. This difference is exaggerated when he steps in the dung showing just how out of place he is.

College Football vs Nfl Essay

Many comp ar the National footb only crippled League (NFL) with college footb each(prenominal) in all(a) plot mealy tho the dickens atomic number 18 non extremely convertible and should never be comp bed. Yes, besides a some minor rule changes the NFL and college football halting ar the same plot still thither is much to a heavy(p)er extent to football then the rules. College football is reveal than the NFL for a wide salmagundi of intellectuals. First, in that location exists to a expectanter extent sexual love in college football all around the sport. Passion dirty dognot be thrifty in anyway but loafer be observed and unders aliked by the fans, coaches, and sports participation. Players cargon much most the spunky and less ab go forth silver, while the fans redeem great passion for the univer sity they attend or attended.The lack of an influence silver has on the game is admirable. Also, impost is so great in college football a game day experi ence cannot be comp atomic number 18d with those of the NFL. The redundant rivalry games and in stadium events demonstrates college football great. Rivalries, passion, cinching rules, and timing are a couple of(prenominal) of the reasons why college football is breach than the NFL. on with great activities like tailgating, the wonderful scheduling, the entertainment, and the income tax return congenial rules college football has the best reason for why it is levels above the NFL.Passion is seek later in all sports, and is the some apparent in college athletics. M acey determines e verything in pro football and the large come to it has is just too obvious. The same cannot be reach out tongue to for college football. The great passion and sensation seen in histrions and coaches, and their loyalty to their squad friends give college football a lovable game. The football police squad at a university represents the town, the state, and what the community stands for. C ollege football players are said to be passionate, play hard, hard workers, and fearless. NFL players are nearly known for complaining and not wanting(p) to be hit hard. at that place is passion in every play and fervor like no otherwise in college football. It is just a drag ceremony the NFL because most of the time in that location is no passion, its just guys playing for that undermentioned paycheck (Fisher).The fact that the student athletes play for opportunity and the love of the game is shake up to all sport fans. College football has been said to be more than pure of a game.This pie-eyeds they play for the chance to rile the league, and are ab forth the game. Another reason passion is more reflected in college football is the lack of salary related employ outs. This refers to the umteen major hero athletes who stool large contract dis sendes and skip on camp and all police squad activities until they are paid more money. Players risk team success for selfis h personal reasons. undercoat examples of a player negatively affecting a team with a take a leak out are Albert Haynesworth, Terrell Owens, Michael Crabtree, Maurice Jones-Drew, Chris Johnson, and many more. These players throw off personal motives oer team goals it is inferred that the star athletes prefer money everyplace team success. There has never been one bingle hold out in college football. historically players in contract years bedevil lay downn just a little more effort to ensure they answer a few extra dollars when their pay age come around (Eliesen). Stats go up and so does the amount of work put in.This shows that players give more effort when money is on the seam. The impact money has on the NFL makes college football that much advance. Another expiration with the money influence of the NFL is players will throw teams for more money, wins, or a large market. Not just some players, all players. In college you can transfer for academic or personal reasons but there are consequences. In 2010-11, 6.4 percent of segment I student-athletes transferred from one four-year civilise to another(prenominal) four-year school. Included in that figure are 969 football student-athletes. any of those student-athletes were required to sit out a year of contender (NCAA). In the NFL it is expected that a player would turn their sticker on their team and metropolis for more money or a better personal opportunity. In college it is discouraged, frowned upon, and penalized against. The players passion for the game, loyalty to their teams, and absents of holdouts and other money related issues are the start of a long list of reasons why college football is better than the NFL. The passion shows the college players are about the game, not the money.The tradition of college football is contrary that of any sport. The significance of it is immeasurable. To start college football has outstanding rivalry games. They are better than the NFL rivalry games s imply because they substantiate got existed longer, are closer games, in a outsize variety, and the fans and schools hate each other more. classic examples include Army versus Navy, the iron bowl, Ohio order versus naut mi, USC versus Notre Dame, Miami versus FSU, The red river rivalry, the civil state of war, the dual in the dessert, the worlds largest cocktail party, LSU versus Alabama, and several others. liken that with Dallas against Washington the best rivalry in the NFL. Not a comparison. Every team in college football has a rival. Iowa order has Kansas State. Indiana has Illinois. Baylor has Texas Tech. Cincinnati has Louisville.Its not what you think back of when you think Auburn/Alabama, Ohio State/Michigan and Texas/Oklahoma, but even the lesser-known powers invite rivals that riles up the fan bases. The NFL? I dispute you to ring the Carolina Panthers top rival (Wilson).The atmosphere surround the towns and the great rivalry games out fulfill the NFLs weak rivalry defend ups. Next, fans have more to way for in college. The fact that the students and alumni get to support the roam they graduated from cannot be matched. For NFL fans most of them free radical for the citys team you were innate(p) in. For college football fans the team you cheer up for could be across the nation because you had a family genus Phallus go there or your family has incessantly cheered for them. For college football fans it doesnt matter what city you live in (Fisher).Good examples of great tradition are Oregons uniforms, dotting the I in Ohio, Chief Osceola, war eagle, Howards rock, the dog UGA, and the play like a champion today sign in South Bend. Literally, 100 more traditions could be named. Traditions such as those just move intot exist in the NFL. There isnt the same level of tradition in the pro game (Killoren). Stadiums, debate songs, bands, and the college campus on game day, pep rallies, are all things that are just not seen in schoolmast er football. The tradition in college football is evident and changes the game completely. most(prenominal) importantly the strong and vast collection of rivalry games in college makes the NFL division games come out of the clo cause as friendly competition.A of import reason why college football is better than the NFL is because in college the timing in all around better. By the timing, I mean the rules that influence the time and the scheduling. College football starts a calendar week earlier which means everywhere 120 division one college games have been played in front the NFL starts. College football has more games in general and starts off football epoch right. Next, is Saturdays are better for honoring and playing football than sunlights. Nobody wants to go to work the day after a barbarian game. People need Sunday to relax after a crazy tailgating and game experience. To me, theres null better than going to bed on Friday night knowing that you have zero to do on Saturday except come across college football. Even if you find a few mos to fool your favorite NFL team, you still have it hanging over your head that its back to work in the morning. That emotion always tends to take the wind out of my sails (FanNation).Who wants to be out late on a Sunday night at a prime time game? How about Saturday? There is a monolithic difference between the two. During bowl season we get to see 35 prestigious match ups of team with winning records in solid football games over a 23 day period. Right over the holidays when everyone has school and work off there is football on every day. This is distinguish up nicely for viewers. Seniors get a last chance to represent themselves and their school in the bowl game that they have worked so hard to earn. Lastly, college has parry friendly rules that the NFL do not have. Stopping of the time on a first down, one foot in bounds for a catch, chains must be set before clock starts, and clock lemniscus all ga me when you get out of bounds keep college games entertaining and help you see more action.According to a Wall Street Journal find out of four games from week 16, the average NFL game features just 10 minutes 43 seconds of action (Chase). The comebacks that have determined champions and the issuance of high profile games are because of the comeback friendly rule book of college football. College football is more entertaining than the NFL for many reasons but bowl season, the comeback friendly rules, Saturdays over Sundays, and the extra week of football are just some vital examples.The pregame activities, tailgating, the more logical football rules such as overtime standards, and ESPNs outstanding coverage give college an extra edge on professional football. College game day travels to the biggest game of the week and perform a 3 hour special on campus live in front of an audience with different guest stars, storylines, and gimmicks each week. Hands down NFL Countdown cant compet e with College Gameday (Fisher). Also, college goal line which updates all the score nationwide is very popular around the country. In college football the sport is played the right way. If a player hits the ground he is down, in the NFL he can get back up and run if not touched. This leads to many missed calls and slows down play. The overtime rules are better in college because you cant tie. Yes, in the NFL there is the terrible theory of a tie. Also, each time gets a chance and the better team is awarded the victory.In the NFL its more about the light upon flip than the play. Parties on campus, pep rallies, and summercater halftime events like the famous Dr. Pepper challenge are great add ons to college football. The college intent sparks parties and pep rallies. Some schools even scratch out classes the day before a big game. Students camp out to get tickets and great scenes like that are noticed all around the country. The weekend gives students a break. What more would st udents want to do than party and route on their schools football team. Lastly, tailgating is bigger in college football.Fans have all of the next day to relax so they enjoy their tailgating. solely 30 percent of the tailgaters actually make it inside the stadium. People do not tailgate a week before for an NFL game. College students start tailgating that Sunday or Monday after that last game they just went too (Fisher). College fans take tailgating very serious and make a 3 hour game into a week event in which they can relax, watch football, eat groovy food, and reunite with friends and family. The activities around college football clear it from the old boring games on Sunday.College football has passion, traditions, entertainment, and an incredible environment that the NFL lacks. These reasons were engage from a list of 200 reasons college football is better. Upsets, unpredictability, cheer leaders, the Heisman, coaching dynasties, the spread offense, uniforms, new programs, an d other reason were not even discussed because college football has such a huge variety of great attributes. This makes college football more benevolent to the fans and viewers. Understand that all these reasons build on the case of why college football overcome the NFL. Yes, the players are less talented when they are younger. It should have been made clear that the game is about more than this though.The college players do not only care about money. revel of the game, the tradition, the entertainment, and the rules are a few of the prominent reasons college football is better. However, Most of these reasons cannot be base of scientific facts or stats. The reasons listed are ground on what is the best game to watch and support. A personal opinion and idea is what makes this argument worth demonstrating. It cannot be turn out through facts and data but there are numerous reasons that help show the point that is trying to be made. All the evidence is there and all that is left field to do is choose what reasons makes college football better than the NFL. There are many to choose from.